Splitting is a psychological defense mechanism where people are seen as either all-good or all-bad, with no middle ground. Common in Borderline Personality Disorder, this black-and-white thinking isn't intentional manipulation—it's a faulty cognitive filter born from fear of abandonment. Understanding splitting as a protective response, not malice, opens the door to healing through therapy and skill-building techniques.

Schizoaffective disorder combines symptoms of psychosis—like hallucinations and delusions—with major mood episodes such as depression or mania. Unlike schizophrenia or bipolar disorder alone, this condition involves periods where both symptom types occur together and separately. Understanding this complex intersection is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. With appropriate care, individuals can manage symptoms effectively and lead fulfilling lives.